Maumbirwo amazita
- Mazita ese anopinda muzvikwata zvakasiyanasiyana zvichienderana nemaumbirwo awo.
- Zvikwata izvi zvinodaidzwa kunzi mipanda.
- Zvikwata izvi zvinoonekwa nezvivakashure,maumbirwo,ushoma nouzhinji hwawo uye nezvaanoreva.
- Zita rinovakwa nechivakashure+dzitsi.
Sokuti,
mu- (chivakashure)
-komana (dzitsi)
- Mazita anoiswa mumupanda mumwe anenge ane sungawirirano yakafanana.
Sokuti,
- mukomana uyu
- mukadzi uyu
- murimi uyu
- musikana uyu
- Mazita omumupanda mumwe kanaava muuzhinji anova nechivakashure chimwe chete sokuti,
- vakomana
- vakadzi
- varimi
- vasikana
- Zvinoreva kuti mazita ese anofambirana nenzira iyi kupinda mumupanda mumwe.
- Muchidimbu mazita anoiswa mumupanda nekuda kwezvinotevera:
a) Zvivakashure
- Zvivakashure zvakafanana zvinoita kuti mazita apinde mumupanda mumwe chete semuenzaniso:
- rukukwe
- rukova
- ruvanze
b) Zvaanoreva
- Mazita anoreva zvakafanana anopinda mumupanda mumwe chete somuenzaniso:
- murume
- mukadzi
- musikana
- Mazita evanhu nokudaro anopinda mumupanda 1.
c) Sungawirirano
- Pane mazita ane zvivakashure zvakafanana asi achipinda mumupanda yakasiyana.
- Mazita aya kuti apinde mumupanda yawo panoshandiswa sungawirirano.
- Sungawirirano ikange yakasiyana kureva kuti mazita acho ari kupinda mumipanda yakasiyana somuenzaniso:
- Iye mukomana. (1)
- Iwo musana. (3)
- Imo mupurazi. (18)
- Kune mamwe mazita ane zvivakashure zvakasiyana asi sungawirirano iri imwe chete somuenzaniso:
- garwe iri (ri-) + -karwe
- bhuku iri Ø- + -bhuku
- zana iri (ri-) + -zana
- joki iri Ø- + -joki
Sungano youshoma nouwandu.
- Mazita anopinda mumupanda nekuda kweushoma kana uwandu hwawo somuenzaniso:
- mukomana (1) vakomana (2)
- banga (5) mapanga (6)
- imba (9) dzimba (10)
Mupanda 5
- Mazita emupanda uyu haana chivakashure chiri pachena.
- Pamaumbirwo emazita emupanda 5, mazita acho anoshandisa dzitsi remupanda 6.
- (ri-) ndicho chivakashure chemazita ari mumupanda uyu semuenzaniso:
- ri- + -kudo = gudo
- ri- + -tombo = dombo
- ri- + -chongwe = jongwe
- Mumupanda umu mune chivakashure ichi zvakare: Ø-
- Mazita anovakwa nechivakashure ichi ane dzitsi risingashanduki uye mamwe mazwi emupanda uyu akatorwa kubva kune mamwe marudzi.
- Ø- + - bhuku = bhuku
- Ø- + - gejo = gejo
- Ø- + - ziso = ziso
- Mupanda wamazita unotsanangurwa sechikwata chamazwi ane hukama nokudyidzana sokupangidzwa kwazvaitwa pamusoro.
- Mipanda yamazita inosvika kumakumi maviri nerimwe (21).
| Mupanda |
Chivakashure |
Zita |
| 1 |
mu- |
mukomana |
| 2 |
va- |
vakomana |
| 1a |
Ø- |
tezvara |
| 2a |
Va- |
VaGumbo |
| 2b |
a- |
ambuya
amai |
| 3 |
mu-
mw- |
muti
mugwagwa
mweya |
| 4 |
mi- |
minda |
| 5 |
(ri-) |
garwe |
| 6 |
ma- |
makarwe |
| 7 |
chi- |
chikoro |
| 8 |
zvi-
zv- |
zvikoro
zvana |
| 9 |
i-
N- |
mombe
hama |
| 10 |
dzi- |
dzimba |
| 11 |
ru-
rw- |
rukova
rwiyo |
| 12 |
ka- |
katsuro |
| 13 |
tu-
twu- |
tukomana
twukomana |
| 14 |
u-
hu-
hw- |
upfu
hupenzi
hwahwa |
| 15 |
ku- |
kufamba |
| 16 |
pa- |
panze |
| 17 |
ku- |
kure |
| 17a |
Ø- |
zasi |
| 18 |
mu- |
mudanga |
| 19 |
svi-
sv- |
svimuto
svana |
| 21 |
zi- |
Zigadzi |
Mipanda namazita ayo
Mupanda 1
Chivakashure /m-/mw-/
Muenzaniso
| Chivakashure |
Dzitsi |
| mu- |
-rume |
| mu- |
-komana |
| mw- |
-enga/p> |
| mu- |
-dzidzisi |
Zvaanoreva
- Ose mazita ari mumupanda 1 anomirira mazita avanhu.
- Chivakashure chacho mu-, mw- chinomirirazve ushoma hwama zita acho.
Sungawirirano
- Mazita emupanda 1 ane sungawirirano inoenderana seizvi,
- murume uyo
- mukomana uyo
- mudzidzisi uyo
- mwenga uyo
- mweni
- Chivakashure mu-chinogona kubatana nemadzitsi anobva muzviito,sokuti
- mutauri
- mudzidzisi
- murapi
Mupanda 2
- Chivakashure /va- v-/
- Chivakashure ichi chinotaura nezvo uzhinji hwomupanda 1
Mienzaniso,
Mupanda 1a
Chivakashure Ø-
- Chivakashure ichi hachionekwi pazita.
- Chinotaura ushoma chichipangidza ukama sokuti sekuru,baba.
- Chinoreva mazitasingwi evanhu sekuti Chipo,Farai.
- Chinoreva mazitasingwi enzvimbo sekuti Zambezi,Harare, Chitungwiza.
- Mazita anotaura mabasa emunhu sekuti mabharani,dhiraivha.
Mupanda 2a
Chivakashure /va- Va- /
- Mazita aya anoratidza kuremekedzwa kwemazita omumupanda 1a,sokuti,vatete,vasahwira.
/Va- / uyu anoratidza zita romunhu anokudzwa saVaMudyanadzo, VaTadzoka.
Mupanda 2b
Chivakashure /a-/ Mazita omumupanda uyu anoratidza ukama sokuti
Mupanda 3
Chivakashure /mu- /
- Chivakashure ichi chinoreva mamwewo mazita asiri avanhu.
- Mazita aya anogona kuve emiti sekuti;
- Anogona kuve mazita anoreva enhengo dzomuviri sekuti;
- Anogona kureva mamiriro ekunze sekuti;
- Anogonazve kutaura dzimwe mhando dzezvokudya sekuti;
- Chivakashure ichi chinogona kubatanawo namadzitsi anobva muzviito sekuti;
Mupanda 4
Chivakashure /mi- /
- Mazita omumupanda uyu uzhinji hwemumupanda 3 sekuti;
- misika
- mitohwe
- miromo
- mimwe
- Mamwe mazita emumupanda 3 haashanduki kana ave muuzhinji hwawo saka chivakashure /mw- / chinoonekwazve mumupanda 4 sekuti;
- Mazita anoti moto,moyo ari mumupanda uyu asi chivakashure chawo ndi-/m- /
Mupanda 5
Chivakashure /(ri-) / Ø-/
- Mazita aya ane chivakashure chisingaonekiasi anozivikanwa nesungawirirano inowanikwa paari sekuti;
- ri- anoita kuti dzitsi rezita rishanduke sekuti;
- /ri-/+ -temo = demo
- /ri-/+ -tanda = danda
- Dzitsi remumupanda 5 rinogona kuva dzitsi mumupanda 6,7 kana 11.
- Garwe izita remumupanda 5 tarisa maumbirwo anoitwa zita racho;
- Dzitsi -karwe rinogona kuonekwa sezvinotevera;
- ma-karwe ( mupanda 6)
- tu-karwe (mupanda 13)
- chi-karwe (mupanda 7)
- ru- karwe (mupanda 11)
- Chakakosha kúziva kuti mazita ari mumupanda 5 isungawirirano yacho nokuti mazita acho akawandisa.
Mupanda 6
- Aya mazita anoratidza uzhinji hwamazita ari mumupanda 5, 11, 21 sekuti;
- makudo
- machira
- madzikana.
- Anoratidzazve mazita enzvimbo kana enguva yegore sekuti;
- materu
- mavirira
- mahombekombe.
Mupanda 7
Chivakashure /chi- /ch-
- Chi-+ -koro
- Ch- + -anza
- Ch- + -oto
Mienzaniso yemazita
- Chigero
- Chipako
- Chihuta
- Chikadzi
- Chamupidigori
- Churu
- Zita rokuti chamupidigori rinovakwa seizvi;cha- + -mupidigori
Mupanda 8
Chivakashure /zvi-/ /zv-/
Mienzaniso
- zvi-pusha
- zvi-huta
- zv-ombo
- Mazita aya uzhinji hwamazita omumupanda 7
Mupanda 9
/n-/ Ø-/ i-/
- Aya mazita anoratidza ushoma hwemazita angave eshiri kana mhuka sekuti mbizi, mhembwe,hurekure,njiva
- Mazita emidziyo yemumba kana nhumbi dzekupfeka sekuti;
Maumbirwo acho ndeanotevera;
- N- + -mombe
- N- + -ngwena
- Kune mamwe mazwi ekuti dzitsi rinotorwa kubva kuchiito semuenzaniso;
- Mhondi inoshandisa dzitsi -pond- ratorwa kubva kuna kuponda.
- N- + -pond-a (mhondi)
- N- + -paradz-a (mharadzi)
- Mharadzi inoshandisa dzitsi -paradz- ratorwa kubva pachiito kuparadza.
Mupanda 10
Chivakashure /dzi-/ Ø- /i-/ n-/
Muenzaniso
- dzi- + -mba
- Ø- + -nzou
- Mazita aya anoratidza uzhinji hwemumupanda 9
Mupanda 11
Chivakashure /ru-/ /rw- / /rwu- /
Zvaanoreva
- Mazita anotaura zvinhu zvinoshoreka sekuti;
- Mamwe anotaurawo zvisingashoreki sekuti;
Mupanda 12
Chivakashure /ka-/
- Mazita omumupanda uyu ane zvinhu zvinoshoreka sokuti;
- Kashiye
- kambiya
- kadhiidhii
Mupanda 13
Chivakashure /tu-/ tw-/twu-/
- Mazita omumupanda uyu anoreva uzhinji hwemazita emumupanda 12 semuenzaniso;
- tushiye
- tumbiya
- twudhiidhii
Mupanda 14
Chivakashure/u-/ /hu-/ hw-/
- Mumupanda uyu mune mazita asingaverengeki asi achiratidza umwe sekuti;
- Unhu hunoburitswawo mumupanda uyu sekuti;
Mupanda 15
Chivakashure /ku-/
- Mazita omumupanda uyu anoshandisa mudzi wechiito sokuti kufamba,kunyora ,kugara.
Maumbirwo
| Chivakashure |
mudzi wechiito |
nzvovera |
Ku-
Ku-
Ku- |
-mhany-
-fem-
-gar- |
-a
-a
-a |
- Mazita aya anoratidza donzvo rokuita.
- Zviitiko zvacho hazvibatiki.
Mupanda 16
Chivakashure /pa-/
- Mazita aya anotaura pamusoro penzvimbo sokuti;
- pachikomo
- pamusoro
- paruware.
Mavakirwo
Chivakashure + Dzitsi
pa- + -musoro
Mupanda 17
Chivakashure /ku-/
- Mazita anotaridza nzvimbo iri kure nomutauri.
Mienzaniso
- kutsime
- kugwenga
- kurwizi.
Mupanda 18
Chivakashure /mu- /
- Aya mazita anoratidza nzvimbo iri mukati sokuti;
Mupanda 19
Chivakashure /svi-/
- Mazhinji amazita aya anotaurwa kuChikaranga achiratidza zvinhu zvidiki kana zvishoma zvichishoreka sokuti;
- svimvura
- svimuto
- svitete.
Mupanda 21
Chivakashure /zi-/
- Mazita aya anotaridza zvinhu zvine mwero wakapfurikidza.
Mienzaniso
